Development of Environmental Low-Cost Acid Precipitation Sampler IoT-Based (ELCAPSIoT)

Abstract

The Malaysian Meteorological Department (MET Malaysia) participates in the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), utilizing Acid Precipitation Samplers (APS) to monitor wet and dry deposition across Malaysia. These instruments are critical in evaluating acid rain and its environmental impacts. This project aimed to develop a low-cost alternative to the existing APS control system, incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) features and the additive manufacturing to reduce OD (OD) at sites and operational expenses, for EANET and METMalaysia. The current system faced frequent breakdowns, inefficiently refurbished components and increasing maintenance costs. The ELCAPSIoT was developed using microcontroller programmed with Arduino IDE. A cost-effective enclosure and mechanical parts were fabricated using 3D printing. System improvements, based on end  users’ feedback, included RC filtering for actuator noise suppression, analog-based rain detection, and expanded sensor area. Deployment at selected sites showed a reduction in APS failure rate from 70% to 30%, while component cost was reduced by over 94%, with the new system costing RM 1,360 compared to RM 23,000 previously. Field tests are in compliance with WMO GAW and EANET standards. The ELCAPSIoT project successfully demonstrated the feasibility of a low- cost, IoT-integrated acid precipitation sampler, meeting international monitoring standards while enhancing maintainability, cost efficiency, and technological adaptability. Future developments will explore renewable energy integration and broader environmental applications.