Exercise and Hypertension: A Review on Exercise Recommendation, Mechanism of Action, Exercise-Related Risk and Innovative Exercise Approach

Abstract

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition in which the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is consistently higher than normal. This condition can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. There are several strategies that individuals with hypertension can adopt to manage their condition and engaging in exercise is among the most effective non-pharmacological approaches. This study examines the critical role that exercise plays in controlling hypertension, a condition that is heavily impacted by stress and modern sedentary lifestyles, underscoring the need for efficient intervention measures. The paper explains biological mechanisms supporting blood pressure regulation while highlighting the advantages of consistent physical activity, including reduced blood pressure and improved cardiovascular health, through a variety of exercise modalities, including aerobic activities, resistance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and circuit training (CT). These include a decrease in inflammatory markers, an improvement in autonomic balance, and vasodilation. The review also covers the significance of tailoring exercise regimens to each patient's unique health profile to maximise benefits and minimise dangers. Exercise planning is important for people with hypertension since it affects their blood pressure. Factors to consider include the intensity, duration, and any interactions with medications. Innovative exercise approaches, particularly HIIT and CT, are examined for their effectiveness in cardiovascular improvement and hypertension management. Conclusively, the document advocates for integrating exercise into hypertension management and prevention, underscoring its pivotal role in enhancing patient health outcomes and quality of life in a comprehensive care strategy.