JET is a Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI) official international journal that publishes research in Engineering and Technology. The journal aspires to be a premier peer-reviewed platform and the authoritative source of Science and Technology information. Papers on related topics, such as policy issues, are also welcome, given that they fall within the scope of JET’s broader multidisciplinary range
Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI)
Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) is an open-access journal that follows the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Telkom University Situ Tekno Environmental Monitoring System
Heat waves could be fatal without a proper cooling system. Lakes could be a natural and environmentally friendly choice for cooling down outdoor areas. Due to the slow temperature fluctuations on large bodies of water, it cools down the surrounding areas during summer or during a heat wave. This study is conducted to develop a low-cost monitoring system to determine the effects of a lake on its surrounding areas. It also analyzes the difference between an area with a lake and another without, while testing the performance of the BME280 sensor in the process. The results show that due to evaporation, the temperature of location A (near the lake) is lower compared to location B, (Tokong Nanas Building). The Humidity of location B is higher than location A due to its more enclosed properties compared to location B. Lastly, the pressure of location B is lower than location A because of the higher humidity in location B.
Monitoring System, Internet of Things, Microcontroller, BME280 Sensor, Favoriot
Studying the Temperature and Humidity of the Environment to Determine the Best Location for the Swimming Pool with BME280 and ESP32
The typical daily pool moisture content amounts to approximately a quarter of an inch, with an accumulation of over two inches within a week. This phenomenon can be attributed to the elevation in temperature and humidity within the pool area, triggered by an increase in swimming activity. As more individuals engage in swimming, both the water temperature and the overall ambient temperature rise, thereby expediting the evaporation of pool water. One of the key determinants of water evaporation is its temperature, which varies between indoor and outdoor pools. This paper delves into an analysis of the ambient temperature and humidity to identify the optimal location for a swimming pool, leveraging the BME280, ESP32, and Favoriot dashboard platform. The findings illustrate that the utilization of the BME280 sensor can effectively establish the most suitable swimming pool condition based on environmental temperature and humidity. The data gathered suggests that indoor pools are a preferred choice, given their ability to shield against the erratic outdoor conditions, thereby ensuring a more consistent temperature.
monitoring system, internet of things, microcontroller, sensor, favoriot
Monitoring Insole Shoes Condition Using Internet of Things
Dermatitis frequently affects specific anatomical regions, notably the facial and foot areas. Human conduct, encompassing sock usage, holds the potential to influence both microclimatic conditions within shoes and ambient humidity. This study introduces a comprehensive examination framework tailored for employment within Telkom University, enabling the evaluation of sock-wearing effects on shoe humidity and the correlation between physical activity and perspiration levels. Employing the ESP32 microcontroller, the BME280 sensor facilitates tripartite parameter measurement—pressure, humidity, and temperature. This study outlines a continuous data transmission approach, with sensor values relayed at 15-second intervals following sensor activation cessation. Utilizing a foot-mounted sensor configuration, individual monitoring ensues, with constant scrutiny of body and insole temperatures. While the ambient temperature remains static, humidity levels persist, underscoring the need for an Internet of Things (IoT)-based insole monitoring prototype. The proposed methodology embodies the essence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) and inter-device communication, underpinning real-time cloud-based data storage. This innovative approach demonstrates its potential to combat podiatric afflictions on a national scale.
Internet of Things(IoT), Dermatitis, Sensor, Wi-Fi, FAVORIOT
IoT Usage in Multimedia Room and 3rd Floor Hallway Monitoring System in School of Applied Science Telkom University
:.The concept of open space pertains to land without specific boundaries, while closed space refers to land that is confined by borders limiting its extent. A notable distinction exists in temperature between this spaces. This project aims to ascertain the temperature disparities between closed and open spaces using three primary components: the BME280, utilized for detecting temperature, humidity, and pressure; the ESP32 board, serving as the microcontroller device; and LEDs, which activate when temperature variances are sensed by the BME280. In enclosed rooms, the temperature remains relatively constant, ranging from 21.8°C to 23.88°C, humidity fluctuates between 61.17% and 65.15%, and pressure hovers between 937.05 hPa and 937.35 hPa. Conversely, findings from open spaces reveal temperature readings of 21.96°C to 24.92°C, humidity spanning 58.44% to 66.92%, and pressure ranging between 932.43 hPa and 936.16 hPa. Therefore, it shows that the occupancy monitoring system could be achieved
Monitoring system, Internet of Things (IoT), microcontroller, sensor, Favoriot
Emergency Stairs Monitoring System at Telkom University
Emergency exit stairs are one of the most effective solutions for safe evacuation in the fire emergency. However, not all ladders guarantee a quick and safe exit for building occupants in an emergency. In this situation, there will be a lot of people using the emergency stairs, and it will affect the temperature, pressure, and people suffocated to breathe. So in that emergency situation and on the stairs, a lot of people don't feel the excessive heat and have difficulty breathing. The emergency staircase's temperature, humidity, and pressure are all monitored by this system using BME280 sensors. This technology makes advantage of a WiFi network to resist fire. In the event of the fire, occupants can use a smart mobile application that provides real-time data on the number of people, temperature, humidity, and pressure in the emergency staircase. The airflow in these spaces, a key computational component of the architecture, supports the design choice by giving the model anticipated operational and computational delays. preliminary analyses based on information from an actual situation and the advice to use a flame detector to determine whether the fire is reaching the emergency stairwell.
Emergency, Emergency Staircase, Sensor, IoT, Favoriot
Monitoring System for Applied Science Building in Telkom University
Close and open spaces have different temperatures, humidity, and pressures. Weather greatly affects the temperature and humidity in buildings. In an open room, breathing will feel more relaxed than in a closed room. Monitoring and controlling system for indoor air quality to keep an eye on the temperature. A room that is too humid will cause a lot of mold on any of the items made of wood. A room that has too many items will make the room feel full and suffocating to the human body. Users must connect sensors, boards, and clouds in a clear and consistent manner. The proof-of-concept performance evaluation for this project was put to the test in both closed and open spaces. The ESP32 microcontroller unit will process the command for detection. This tutorial demonstrates how to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity using a BME280 sensor module connected to an ESP32, and the sensor can be read on the Favoriot platform. The study presented here can be pursued by individuals who want to construct a structure and manage its size and user comfort levels. People who are undertaking activities inside or outside of a cozy environment will feel at home and won't be bothered by other people. It can also be used for people who have breathing difficulties.
Monitoring System, IoT, Microcontroller, BME280, Favoriot.
Smart IoT based Bathroom Monitoring System to assess the Humidity Levels for Human Comfort
Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. It significantly influences indoor environmental quality, affecting human health and comfort. This research investigates the impact of humidity on the human body within diverse bathroom environments. Low humidity can lead to skin dryness, nasal irritation, and eye discomfort, while high humidity fosters bacterial growth and discomfort. In this study the BME280 sensor and ESP32 microcontroller employed using Favoriot platform to measure and analyze humidity levels in staff, student, and boarding house bathrooms. The findings reveal that average humidity in staff bathrooms ranged between 63% and 68%, while student bathrooms exhibited levels between 63% and 72%. Notably, boarding house bathrooms maintained higher humidity, varying from 70% to 77%. This study underscores the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels in bathrooms for human well-being and suggests tailored interventions for maintaining good indoor environmental quality.
IoT, Monitoring System, Microcontroller, Sensors, Favoriot
Analysis of the Influence of Human Activity and Weather on Open Space Areas
An open area within a building is referred to as a "open space area" and is typically found in office or academic buildings. In the analysis of changes in variables like temperature, humidity, and pressure driven by weather and human activity in open space regions, health and occupant comfort are given specific consideration. The purpose of the study is to comprehend how climate change and human activity will impact open space area temperature. Besides that, this project is to determine whether human activities and weather significantly affect the room temperature, humidity, and pressure using BME280 sensor in every 14 seconds. A prototype for real-time data collection using IoT technology for monitoring the quality of air will be created. It required to operate both software and hardware. For software, it requires MicroPython program, uPyCraft IDE, and Favoriot Cloud Platform, while for hardware, it requires devices such as BME280 sensors, ESP32, and Project Boards. The result shows that when the temperature is higher, the humidity and the pressure are lower, depending on the changes in the weather and human activities. This technology is anticipated to monitor the weather on open space areas for human activity.
Development of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) During Windy Season for the Rural Area in Langkawi
Wind energy is one of the clean energy sources. This project is carried out to take advantage of the windy season inland and along the coast of Langkawi. Wind energy is converted into electricity by driving a brushless generator motor to produce a Direct Current (DC) voltage of 12V. The output voltage from the DC motor will be stored in the battery before being fed to the inverter. These inverters are used to convert DC energy into Alternating Current (AC) output. The AC output can be increased by using a transformer up to 220 VAC. The voltage output from the inverter will be fed to the user to turn on electrical appliances at home. Electricity supply is very important nowadays because of the rapid development of technology. Some residents in rural areas do not get electricity from Tenaga National Berhad (TNB). This is because their place of residence is too far or isolated. To ensure they have a constant supply of electricity, a system called the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has been designed. With this system, power supply troubleshooting can be improved to turn on electrical equipment such as lights, fans, ice boxes, and more. This system is developed by using wind energy which is one of the other methods to supply electricity. The results from the experiment show that as the wind speed increases, the output power from the DC motor will increase. The proposal uses specialized software and designs wind turbines that will be able to generate voltage and current.
Design and Implementation of Solar Tracking System Using LDR Sensor
Solar technology has been widely used nowadays because the source of sunlight can be converted into electricity and used by humans on the surface of the earth. The National Energy Policy (NEB) acknowledges the increase in oil prices in 2015 and the global electricity crisis adversely affecting Malaysia, which is solely dependent on oil. In general, when harvesting solar energy can be done, another challenge that will be faced is the inefficiency of solar panel arrays, and insufficient sunlight sources due to weather factors to generate more electricity. To solve this problem, another approach is to build an automatic system that consists of solar panel tracking, Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs), microcontrollers, and servo motors that are used to detect sunlight throughout the day to allow the system to generate maximum electricity. It was found that the voltage output from the solar panel detection approach is higher when compared to the horizontal method which is a fixed solar panel. Therefore, the output generated from the built system will be distributed to the rural population for daily use.
Tracking System, Light Dependent Resistors, Microcontrollers, Servo Motor
Development of Floor Tile Power Generating Light Up LED
Human has become increasingly reliant on technology, particularly electronic devices, over the last century. All electronic devices require power and currently worldwide facing the issue was continued depletion of fossil energy. This study will be discussing on harnessing the energy harvesting system via pressure. The main goal of this project is to show the concept of generating electricity from human footsteps using the concept of converting mechanical strain energy into electrical energy. Energy harvesting paves the way to pervasive, totally autonomous self-powered systems that do not require human involvement for energy replenishment. This project uses Piezoelectric (PZT) which produced energy when pressed. It also has an Arduino as a controller and a Blynk application to monitor how much energy is produced via smartphone. As a result, this initiative is both cost-effective and simple to implement, and it is one of the most promising approaches to solving the worldwide problem without diminishing natural resources.
Arduino Uno, Piezoelectric Sensor, Footsteps, Energy Harvesting System
Terms such as security and privacy are significant when discussing big data topics. Security for big data can be defined as the tools and techniques needed to protect both data and analytical operations. The primary goal behind big data security is to protect valuable data from attacks, stolen data, and other destructive actions. For cloud-based businesses, big data security concerns are multifaceted. These dangers include theft of data stored online, malware, and DDoS attacks that may bring a system to a halt. These risks may have severe financial consequences for the company, including losses, legal expenses and penalties. The use of cloud technologies for storing and managing substantial amounts of data and its associated applications brought a new element to the challenge concerning data security and privacy across substantial amounts of data. Data validation must be performed to ensure the stored data is effectively managed. Multiple layers of encrypted protection are recommended to ensure protection for users in the event of any worst-case scenario, especially a security data breach.
Cloud technologies, electricity meters, malware, encryption code
Human has become increasingly reliant on technology, particularly electronic devices, over the last century. All electronic devices require power and currently worldwide facing the issue was continued depletion of fossil energy. This study will discuss harnessing the energy harvesting system via pressure. The main goal of this project is to show the concept of generating electricity from human footsteps using the concept of converting mechanical strain energy into electrical energy. Energy harvesting paves the way to pervasive, totally autonomous self-powered systems that do not require human involvement for energy replenishment. This project uses Piezoelectric (PZT) which produces energy when pressed. It also has an Arduino as a controller and a Blynk application to monitor how much energy is produced via smartphone. As a result, this initiative is both cost-effective and simple to implement, and it is one of the most promising approaches to solving the worldwide problem without diminishing natural resources.
Proof of Concept for Automated Electrical Appliances Operation Via Android Voice-Controlled
: Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept developed to enable remote accessibility via Internet to control and monitor devices that are connected to it. Switches that are used to control the on-and-off operation of household appliances, may cause electrocution if they are touched with wet hands and sometimes, the elderly or disabled person’s hands could not reach the switches due to their installation location that are usually mounted at certain heights on the walls. The goal of this project is to execute a proof of concept (PoC) development that will demonstrate the feasibility of automatic electrical appliances operation via verbal instructions. In this PoC development, a programmed NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller is integrated with a Google Assistant platform and If This, Then That (IFTTT) application to receive verbal commands to turn on and off light-emitting diodes (LEDs) automatically. Through a pilot test on the integration of hardware and software development, this project has successfully enabled turning on and off lights by using voice instructions in less than 4 seconds in quiet surroundings. Meanwhile, less than 7 seconds were required to automate the operation of the lights in noisy surroundings. With the success of functionality proof, it is anticipated that this PoC could be realized in terms of prototype development on real electrical loads such as ceiling lights, bulbs and wall fans and would certainly benefit society with the affordable deployment of home automation.
Voice-controlled home automation, IoT, Google Assistant application
Medical IoT Development of Pilgrims Health Monitoring System for Hajj and Umrah
The increasing numbers of pilgrims each year make the Hajj seasons is more challenging especially in health services. The number of health services during Hajj season is approximately 32,000 peoples. By ratio, 1 labor force in health sector need to cater 73 pilgrims at a time. Not only that, the risk of disease is came from the effect of hot weather. Due to the problems faced, this project is aim to design and develop wearable Health Monitoring System for Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims, monitor two health parameter which is skin hydration and cough detection with a low cost system that promote the usage of Body Area Network (BAN) and Internet of Things platform. As this development is focusing on skin hydration and voice obstruction recognition, input sensor connected to the microcontroller act as a processor and coordinator from the input sensors to the user with the integration of Wi-Fi to analyze the data in real time through smartphone applications and cloud database. When the input measure passed the threshold limit, the wearables and smartphone application will notify the end user and the data can be access and stored on cloud storage. IoT implementation in Medical Healthcare practice especially in remote health monitoring would be beneficial for both party consumer and provider. However, this develop is intended to gives an early detection to the user only.
Skin moisture, Voice recognition obstruction, Coughing , Hydration
Development of Covid-19 Health Monitoring System for Hajj and Umrah Management
Hajj and Umrah are acts of worship that Muslims should conduct once in a lifetime if they can afford it. This is because the journey serves as a marker and confirmation of each servant's commitment to his Creator. When Muslims conduct Hajj and Umrah on a regular basis, they are considered circumcised. When the Islamic Year changes in the month of Dzulhijjah, Hajj is undertaken. The number of pilgrims visiting Mecca grows every year, although not at the same rate as Covid-19. To avoid the spread of the Covid-19 virus outbreak in the Holy Land, Makkah was closed to visitors from all around the world in 2020. The Saudi Arabian government, however, reopened Makkah in 2021 for those who choose to conduct the Hajj, but only for a restricted number of pilgrims. The increases number of pilgrims each year is an issues to the Mutawwif as they need to always monitor the pilgrims’ health condition so that they are not infected with Covid-19 viruses. Based on this situation, a measurable device created for pilgrims to self-check their health if they are having any symptoms. This approach will ease the Mutawwif to isolate pilgrims that infected so that the other pilgrims are not infected because Mutawwif will also receive a notification of the pilgrims if there are any changes to their body parameter. It can control the numbers of pilgrims that having Covid-19 viruses from spread to everyone.
Body temperature, Oxygen saturation, Heart rate, Health monitoring, Covid-19
DEVELOPMENT OF HAJJ & UMRAH HEARTBEAT, HEART RATE AND BODY TEMPERATURE USING MIOT
Hajj is one of the ritual duties of a Muslim, which is one of the most extraordinary experiences in the life of a Muslim. For example, Hajj is an annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The Hajj is a show of the unity and adherence of the Muslim m to Allah Ta'ala. Pilgrims have always been recorded every hour during the Hajj or Umrah. In addition, we also have been shocked by the pandemic Covid-19. This project design is in the shape of a wearable device that will apply to the wrist. Commonly, the pilgrim's health was diagnosed at a late stage by the medical center at the airport, which already had multi-complication such as high Fever (hyperpyrexia). Other than that, due to the increment of causes related to pilgrims performing Hajj and Umrah such as MersCoV or Covid-19 Virus with different variant types, each of the Covid-19 variants has its side effect will include traveler that traveled to infection region. Arduino, Circuito.io, Multi-sim, and Proteus have as the software to design and simulate the circuit. All the data will be display on pilgrim's and Mutawwif's smartphones by using Blynk Apps. The regular reading of heart rate/heartbeat for an average person will be 60 bpm to 120 bpm. In an emergency, the pulse rate can help determine if the heart is pumping enough blood. Pulse rate helps to find the cause of symptoms such as an irregular or rapid heartbeat (pulse), fainting, dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath. This project will solve the problem that pilgrims commonly face. This wearable device has three main inputs: a heart rate/Heartbeat, Sp02, and an infrared body temperature sensor as precaution data. Other than that, this project will reduce the number of cases that happen to pilgrims. This wearable device can also be a step precaution by using it while performing Hajj and Umrah. This device will help Mutawwif a lot in monitoring pilgrim's health monitor without any obstacles. As nowadays, the implementation of IoT giving positive changes and convenience to its consumers.
Heart Rate/Heartbeat, Body Temperature, Sp02, Hajj & Umrah, Pilgrims & Mutawwif
Modelling and Simulation of Double Diode Model of PV Cell by Using LtSpice
This research provides a systematic analysis of the PV cell modeling for simulation studies. The primary aim of this analysis is to examine the findings and compare them under normal test conditions. In order to extract the maximum possible power, PV model parameters are find using mathematical analysis and manufacturer’s datasheet. Therefore, it is vitally important to determine maximum power point (MPP) location for the implemented model. Other criteria for finding the right model for use in simulation should also be considered. Choosing the right model based on the application is very critical. Double-diode model was used to study the characteristic of the PV cell and to simulate the model, LtSpice software has been chosen. Under various temperature and irradiance conditions, several work tests have been carried out to investigate the performance of the PV model. The double diode model is known to have better accuracy at low irradiance levels, allowing the performance of the PV model to be predicted more accurately.
Photovoltaic (PV) Cell, Double Diode Model, LtSpice
Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Perturb and Observe Technique
The research on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) using Perturb and Observe (P&O) is conducted to observe the behavior of the I-V curve output from the PV cell. The MPPT will track the maximum power point using the P&O algorithm. The P&O is widely known for its simple implementation on the PV system. The P&O method will enhance the efficiency of the PV cell. The P&O algorithm is designed using MATLAB coding (mfile). The mfile can be inserted in the circuit design in the Simulink. Simulink is used to design the PV circuit. The PV connected to P&O algorithm is tested under multiple condition. The outcome of this analysis is the maximum power point (PMP), voltage at maximum power point (VMPP) and current at maximum power point (IMPP). From there, the characteristics of the PV module can be study. The P&O output is than compared with the datasheet where for this research uses Soltech 1STH-215-P. This is to obtain the efficiency of P&O algorithm.
Photovoltaic (PV) Model, MATLAB Simulink, Soltech 1STH-215-P
Analysis of Bite Force Measurement for Stomatognathic
An analysis examines the biting force with proposes measuring maximal voluntary bite forces associated with the chewing muscle's size. Bite forces must be reliable and accurate to be used clinically using a pressure force sensor. The cross-sectional area of a muscle determines the maximum force it can produce. The force exerted by the masticatory muscles during tooth occlusion can be up to ±700 N. The cross-sectional size of various jaw muscles, measured with a computed tomography scanner or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is widely associated with maximum bite force. It can be recorded to evaluate the function and effectiveness during the occlusion. Bite force has been used in dental research to measure the effectiveness of various dental operations. In stomatology, measuring bite force is critical, and choosing the suitable measurement method and apparatus is essential for accurate results. Results: Successfully aimed to design for efficient, reliably reproducible measure and to compare the results in a small population with obtained results revealed that males had a significantly higher bite force than females. Conclusions/Recommendations: This study is helpful for stroke patients for measuring the bite force after the rehabilitation activity.
Bite force, clinical, cross-sectional, maximum bite force, CT scan, MRI, occlusion, stomatology
Automatic Roof Cooling & Monitoring System
Recently, Industrial Revolution4.0(IR4.0) changes the landscape of industrial in Malaysia. The internet of things (IoT) is one out of nine technology-driven in IR 4.0 which requires internet as the fundamental for physical devices connection. Many companies have been transforming their products in a complex context such as the home automation system market. Unfortunately, not all users can afford to own this home automation system due to its high price. The home automation system is important because it can facilitate people and shorten the time to turn on and turn off the electrical appliances. Most home automation systems use manual ways as the medium in which this factor may hinder the benefits for users who prefer to turn on and turn off their electrical appliances in simpler and easier ways. To overcome such limitation, this paper proposes a development of home automation system via sensors and microcontroller to develop an automatic system in the building. The proposed system functionality was evaluated using real electrical appliances and it successfully worked with the use of sensors. The proposed system was developed at a low cost and it could be commercialized at an affordable price. Hence, this project could narrow the gap between all different stages of society (i.e.B40, M40 and T20 groups) in realizing the concept of IR4.0 in their daily lives.
Internet of Things (IoT), Node MCU, Industrial Revolution 4.0(IR4.0), Automatic System, Home Automation System
Autonomous Medical Robot for Home Based Monitoring
An aging population is defined those aged above 65 years old. In 2020, it was estimated that the share of Malaysian population 65 years and above stood at seven percent. According to statement on July 2019 by Chief Statistician of Malaysia, 15 percent threshold made would be crossed in 2030. Recent estimates suggest that 8.5% of Malaysians over the age 60 having dementia, suffering from dementia and approximately yields population of 260,345 elderly with dementia. Many people with dementia have a prolonged disease trajectory, lasting years from diagnosis to death. Besides having trouble in remembering their personal details, they are also having problem on their medication management. The first problem to be addressed is the error of the caretaker giving medicine to patient. Medication errors are one of the most common health-related mistakes that have a negative effect on patients. Majority of the elderly are unable to manage themselves. More families are finding themselves unable to look after the elderly who are unable to manage themselves. Heart diseases remained the cause of death. The current heart rate monitor needs caretaker to visit every patient’s bed to make sure the heartbeat rate is normal. The results obtained from this medical robot shown on the Blynk applications. The testing was being run repeatedly to ensure that the results obtained were parallel with each other even after a bunch number of testing occur. For the results and discussion on the system of detecting spo2 and bpm, various tests has been taken in order to make comparison between each readings so that the results can be analyzed to ensure the validity of the system. The project goals has been successfully achieved. As for the future recommendation, the advance technology has already existed, but it still in need of deeper research and studies for each system that involved in this project because simplification needs change in term of component used which the new component must be able to produce the same or better result than the older one. This will lead to a small product but still maintaining the quality of the results produced.
Alzheimer, dementia, medical robot, elderly, vital parameters, medication
Synthesis of Aqueous Carbon Quantum Dots from Musa Paradisiaca Linn peels
Musa Paradisiaca Linn peels are organic waste causing serious environmental problems. With unique properties, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained intense interest to be used in various applications. Herein, a facile and ecofriendly hydrothermal approach is developed for preparation of CQDs from Musa peels as the precursors. The resulting CQDs emit bright green fluorescence under excitation of 365 nm UV light. Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurement and power measurement were conducted to observe the optical properties of CQDs. This study presents a practical experiment approach of aqueous CQDs with homogeneous distribution and high FWHM led to futher potential application such as LED.
CQDs, Hydrothermal, Photoluminescence, Power
Personal Weather Station Monitoring using Arduino and LoRa Technology
Uncertain weather conditions especially in the Malaysian tropical climate have risen the importance of this study. This study developed a prototype of a weather station monitoring using Arduino and LoRa technology. The prototype consists of a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, a rain sensor, a transmitter (Arduino Pro Mini and LoRa SX1278 with antenna), a receiver (ESP32 module and LoRa SX12278 with antenna), and a ThingSpeak web application. The prototype will track and monitor rainfall, temperature, and humidity with sensors alerting the user using the ThinkSpeak application. In the ThingSpeak application, a user can keep track of the data obtained from the weather station. As a result, both the transmitter and receiver work well in a 1-kilometre radius. Thus, implementing LoRa technology in the weather station solves the problem of data transmission over a longer distance. The study is preliminary in using the LoRa technology, LoRa network or gateway can be further used to increase the wireless range and have a low power consumption.
Weather Station, Internet of Things, Arduino, LoRa Technology, Humidity Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Rainfall Sensor, ThingSpeak
A Review of Nanotechnology Applications in the Telecommunication Industry
Nanotechnology has evolved into one of the most remarkable topics and active research areas in many sectors, including chemical engineering, electronics, medicine, and sciences. Nanotechnology has the potential as the next industrial revolution in contemporary science to deliver effective solutions for powerefficient computation, sensing, and human-machine interface in telecommunication engineering. With the increasing adoption of mobile gadgets connected with 3G, 4G, and 5G services during the Covid-19 crisis, the telecommunication industry had a tough growth income in many countries. By 2025 the connection of fixed broadband is expected in hundreds of millions. The way nanotechnology impacted the telecommunications industry can become the next industrial revolution since higher computing power is needed to offer higher data rates which consider an unsolvable challenge to current technologies. Nanotechnology in communication systems also enables manufacturers to create smaller computer processors and sensors, higher speed rates, and more energy-efficient associated with the current-generation components. This review presents the principle of operation, the application of nanotechnology, and the benefits of the recent developments in the telecommunication industry.
molecular nanotechnology, nanoscale, microelectronic, cellular, encoding
Development of Flash Flood Mitigation Problem with Sustainable Auto-Drainage System
Floods are natural phenomena that occur every year in Malaysia during the monsoon season which runs from November to January. Despite the fact that various steps have been taken, it appears to have remained unsolved. Here, the auto-drainage system to mitigate flash flood is proposed to improve the drainage system as it is one of the major reasons that caused the flood. This project is the first phase of the flash flood mitigation system where it provides crucial information such as water level in the drainage system, the plan and the preparation to the public as well as the local authorities. Auto-drainage system offers continuous monitoring on the water level in drainage system and allows water to divert into alternative drainage during critical times. There are 3 different levels of warning; low, medium and high. During low level, the water pump is in idle mode or in a safe zone. When the water reaches medium, the pump will start to divert the water into an alternative drainage system. At high level, the pump will continue to divert the water the notification to evacuate the area is despatched. The test run gives a positive result and fulfills all the objectives in effort to mitigate the flash flood.
sustainable energy, sustainability, flash flood, environmental sustainability, auto drainage system
Baby Monitoring System by using Arduino Uno
This paper presents the design and implementation of smart baby cradle system, a new low-cost baby monitoring system with multiple automatic functions. The system allows the cradle to swing automatically when baby cries. It has a cry analysis system which detects crying voices using sound sensor and automatically swings the cradle till the baby stops crying or zero voice detection. The system also has built-in fan that switched on when an increase in surrounding temperature is detected by DHT11 sensor. If the cradle is to be used manually, the speed of the cradle can be controlled as per the user need. Arduino Uno module is utilized in managing all the connected electronics components. This system aids parents and caretakers to look after the babies without high-demand physical attention.
Sound sensor, DHT11, Arduino Uno, servo motor, monitoring system
Development of Dual Axis Solar Tracker with IoT Monitoring System
Despite the fact that solar energy is infinite, harvesting it is challenging owing to panel inefficiency. In many years, the old solar tracking method was normally set where the solar panel does not shift orientation towards the sun. Since the sun change its position with time, hence dynamic tracking system is needed. The aim of this project, to develop a dual solar tracker that can absorb more lights and real-time monitor its performances. By use of four light dependent resistor sensors, the sun position is tracked, and the microcontroller controls the servo motors to align the solar panel perpendicular to the sun. As a result, the dual solar axis tracker can capture 27.4% more solar power compared to fixed tilted axis. With an internet of things integrated to the proposed system, hence enable the real-time monitoring for the solar panel output performance through Blynk application and Thing speak website accessible from anywhere with stable internet connection.
Dual solar tracker, close loop tracking, Arduino Uno, , Internet of Things, cloud, Bylnk, Thingspeak
Development of Sun Tracking Solar Panel Using Arduino
As we can already observe, the global warming has a heated influence on the world. Here the impact of global warming can be taken advantage of. For operating electrical appliances, we can use solar energy as electricity. The difficulty we can observe presently is most of the solar panel used only statically by a user. The solar panel cannot charge if the solar panel is located on the east and the sun is situated on the west. So, this project is termed the "Solar Tracker". The LDR was used to feel the strength of the light at 30 degrees or a total of 180 degrees each and relayed the data to Arduino. This Arduino compares the data and rotates a servo motor toward the sun in the proper direction. The servo motor rotates the solar panel according to the highest light intensity. The solar tracker project aims to improve output power from stationary solar tracking systems. A 180-degree rotation is detected by this sun tracking device resulting the amount of energy a solar panel can generate here is far more than when it can only generate in one direction. Indirectly, the cost of acquiring more solar panels will reduced. The technology also reduces the time it takes for customers to shift the solar panel's orientation to face the sun.
Solar Tracking, Arduino, Light Dependent Resistor, LCD Display, Solar Panel
Development Of Automatic Monitoring System For Tomaoes Plant
Tomatoes, or Solanum Lycopersicum, are a very high demand plant in Malaysia or international. Tomato is a native of South America and began to spread to the world by Spaniards. It has about 7000 different species of tomato cultivars worldwide. The typical colour of tomato is usually red but it can be found in black, yellow, orange, and purple colour. Automatic Monitoring System for Tomatoes Plant will be produce to help farmers to monitor and ensure that all the parameters required by tomato plant are met. This project have several types of sensor use to monitor all the parameter needed. The sensor contain in this project are soil moisture sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and UV rays sensor. All of this sensor will help the farmers to monitoring the tomato plant automatically and will reduce use of human energy. The growth of the tomato plant can be maintain by monitoring the water needed by the plant, the humidity surrounding of the plant and level of UV rays exposed to the plant. Based on the previous project they only focus on monitoring the soil moisture and humidity of the plant. That project can maintain the soil moisture level and temperature surrounding the plant. The soil moisture level and humidity are too general and not particular to any of the plants in the project. Tomato plant growth rate can be increase by maintain the specific measurement of the water needed and the humidity surrounding the plant.
Monitoring system, Soil moisture sensor,DHT11 sensor, UV rays sensor