<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Marine Frontier is a biannual technical bulletin published by the Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology (UniKL MIMET), aimed at fostering research and innovation in marine engineering and related technologies. Released in June and December, the publication serves as a platform for academic and industry contributors to present a range of scholarly work, including basic and applied research, experimental findings, and critical analyses. Its scope spans various disciplines such as maritime engineering, marine and electrical engineering technology, maritime management, and applied sciences. By providing an avenue for researchers, professionals, and students to disseminate their findings, Marine Frontier contributes significantly to the advancement of knowledge and technological progress within the maritime industry.
Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) is an open-access journal that follows the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
MILD STEEL CORROSION INHIBITION BY BLACK TEA EXTRACT IN DYNAMIC SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
Camellia sinensis (tea) leaves were well-known natural product containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which reveals a significant advantage for corrosion inhibition purpose. In this study, the active compound in camellia sinensis (tea) leaves were extracted using several solvents and further characterize with FTIR to identify the functional group in it including their abundance. Corrosion experiment using JR235 mild steel grade with size 25mm x 25mm x 3mm was conducted where these specimens were immersed in the flowing system models in the control condition for 60 days. Corrosion performance was investigate using weight loss method where mild steels were studied and analyzed by using the mathematical equation to determine the weight difference, thus determining the corrosion rate of mild steel plate. In addition, SEM was used in order to monitor the surface morphology of mild steel. Results reveal that corrosive layer formation is being inhibited correspond to extract usage. This research found that the inhibition properties increase with the increasing concentration of extract in sodium chloride solution. Therefore, camellia sinensis (tea) leaves extract serves as an effective and non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in dynamic saline condition.
corrosion, camellia sinensis, spectroscopy, SEM, weight loss
DESIGN IDEAS OF HEAT EXCHANGER IN WATER PIPELINE OUTLET FOR SINGLE HOUSEHOLD: A REVIEW
Every single household has their own water pipeline that is very useful to fulfill their daily activities such as washing clothes, car, drinking water and for bathing. The problem they have to face is that the water they were using for daily activities is extremely hot because of outer surface of water pipeline exposed to the sunlight. This could cause an injury to the person skin, especially to the baby. It is a risk as the hot water came out unexpectedly. The objective of this project is to suggest a design for a heat exchanger to be installed at the outlet of water pipelines, specifically targeting the shower in a bathroom, for use in a single household. Essentially, heat exchangers in water pipelines are devices that enable heat transfer between two fluids of differing temperatures without allowing them to mix. The main idea usage of Heat Exchanger Water Pipeline is to cool down the hot water that flows directly from main water supply and flow out form the outlet pipeline at room temperature. Thus, this project will introduce design ideas that fulfill the user criteria and the CAD modelling of the selected design of water heat exchanger will be presented.
Design process; CAD modelling; heat exchanger; water pipeline outlet; and human skin.
PERFORMANCE OF STEAM ENGINE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES WITH VARIOUS LOADS
In a steam engine, vapor is supplied by a boiler, expands under pressure and a part of the heat energy is converted into mechanical work. However, the efficiency of the steam engine may reduce due to the different load weight. In this study, different temperature of steam relative to different load weight and different engine speed on a steam powered engine are analysed. Moreover, the engine torque and brake power are calculated. The pressure of steam is set to be at the range of 2 bars, and the load weights are ranging of from 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50 grams. As a result, the performance of steam engine increased along with higher temperature and lower load weight.
Steam engine, loads, engine speed, torque, brake power
OPERATIONAL IMPACTS OF ENGINE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT ON KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN AL-31FP ENGINES OF THE SUKHOI SU-30MKM
The Sukhoi Su-30MKM, a high-performance fighter jet utilized by the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF), relies on two AL-31FP engines for its mission-critical operations. One of the primary threats to these engines during flight is bird strikes, which can inflict severe damage on key components such as the rotor blades, leading to engine deficiencies or, in some cases, complete failure. This study documents the systematic process of removing and installing an AL-31FP engine after a bird strike compromised its performance. The engine replacement was executed in full compliance with the Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) and RMAF protocols, ensuring procedural accuracy, safety, and efficiency. The process encompassed several key phases: preparation, tool selection, damage assessment via endoscopy, and post-replacement performance testing. Three key performance indicators were monitored: lowpressure rotor speed (N1), high-pressure rotor speed (N2), and maximum vibration level (VIBmax). Post-installation performance data showed a marked improvement in key engine parameters, with N1 increasing from 76.4% to 92.5%, and N2 from 79% to 92%, both now operating within the designated tolerance limits. Additionally, VIBmax decreased significantly from 70.21 mm/sec to 30.12 mm/sec, well within the acceptable safety threshold of 50 mm/sec. This study, focused on training mode, highlights the importance of structured maintenance practices and precise parameter monitoring in restoring engine functionality and ensuring operational readiness, providing valuable insights for aviation maintenance in military contexts.
Sukhoi Su-30MKM, AL-31FP engine, bird strikes, rotor blade damage, aircraft maintenance
INVESTIGATION OF NOISE LEVELS AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE MACHINERY WORKSHOP AT UITM BUKIT BESI
A noise inspection was conducted at the Machinery Workshop of UiTM Bukit Besi to evaluate noise levels and associated health risks. The study identified various noise sources and categorized them into four zones: above 115 decibel(A), 86-114 decibel(A), 82-85 decibel(A), and below 82 decibel(A). Noise measurements were taken using sound level meter applications and mapping techniques. Results showed some machines, particularly the Metal Lathe Machine and Hydraulic Shearing Machine, produced noise levels exceeding 85 decibel(A), posing significant risks of hearing damage. The inspection followed guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health (Noise Exposure) Regulations 2019. Recommendations included implementing a hierarchy of control measures such as engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. The study highlighted the need for regular noise monitoring, employee education, and clearly marked hearing protection zones to mitigate noiserelated health risks in the workshop. This assessment establishes baseline measurements for ongoing monitoring of noise levels and effectiveness of control measures in protecting worker health and safety in the machinery workshoporatory setting.
Noise Hazards, Machinery, Noise Exposure, Noise Health Risks, Noise Levels, Noise Risk Assessment
INSPECTION, TESTING AND EXAMINATION LEV SYSTEM AT HYGIENE LABORATORY AT UITM BUKIT BESI
Examination and testing of the LEV (LEV) system was conducted at the Hygiene laboratory of Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Bukit Besi to evaluate performance and compliance with safety standards. The inspection focused on a single fume hood (FH-HYGIENE) and followed guidelines from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health (USECHH) 2000 Regulations. Face velocities were measured at different sash heights, and duct transport velocities were assessed using instruments including a hot wire anemometer, pitot tube, digital manometer, and smoke tester kit. Results showed the fume hood had an average face velocity of 61.8 fpm at the recommended working height of 19.7 inches, below the 80-100 fpm range specified by ACGIH. Duct transport velocity was 1437 fpm, within the recommended 1000-2000 fpm range. The smoke test demonstrated excellent containment with no escape of smoke outside the hood. Comparison with the previous year's inspection revealed a significant decrease in performance, with face velocity dropping from 109 fpm to 40.2 fpm at full sash opening, and flow rate decreasing from 1008 cfm to 502 cfm. The LEV system was found to meet acceptable working conditions only at 1/3 sash opening based on ACGIH standards. Recommendations included implementing a regular maintenance schedule, limiting maximum sash opening to 19.7 inches, and conducting more frequent performance tests to address the decline in performance. This examination establishes updated measurements for ongoing monitoring of the LEV system's effectiveness in protecting worker health and safety in laboratory settings.
ACGIH, LEV, Fume Hood, Face Velocity, USECHH 2000 Regulations.
Nurul Hureen Syafiqah Noor Azlee Affendy
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL KEROPOK KEPING MANUFACTURING PROCESSES IN TERENGGANU
Keropok keping, a traditional Malaysian fish cracker, is widely produced along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study aims to understand the manufacturing processes of keropok keping, identify potential hazards, and assess the associated risks to human health and the environment. Conducted at "Perusahaan Keropok Keping XYZ" in Kampung Pengkalan Setar, Terengganu, the research involved site visits and a comprehensive literature review. The manufacturing process, from fish cleaning to packaging, was scrutinized for health and safety risks. Key hazards identified include cuts, exposure to chemicals, repetitive strain injuries, and extreme temperatures. The risk levels varied, with the mixing and cutting stages posing the highest risks, while packaging was identified as low risk. The study highlights the need for improved safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), ergonomic enhancements, and regular health and safety training. By implementing these measures, the industry can mitigate risks, ensuring a safer working environment and reducing the environmental impact of keropok keping production. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of occupational hazards in traditional food processing and provides practical recommendations for enhancing workplace safety and sustainability.
Traditional food Processing, Kerepok Keping, Risk Assessment, Occupational Hazard
DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC CRAWLER CONTROLLED REMOTELY USING ANDROID FOR HULL INSPECTION
This abstract introduces the development of a magnetic crawler designed for hull inspection, controlled remotely via an Android interface. The crawler's magnetic wheels provide a versatile method for negotiating difficult surfaces of the ship hull. By using this technology, operators may easily and precisely control the crawler remotely by using the ubiquity and user-friendliness of Android devices to perform the hull inspection. The system incorporates superior magnetic technology to maintain consistent adhesion to ferromagnetic surfaces, allowing for complete inspection even in harsh maritime situations. This innovation improves hull inspection operations, increasing productivity and safety while lowering operational expenses. Furthermore, the Android interface enables real-time feedback and data visualization, allowing operators to make more educated decisions during inspections. Overall, the development of this magnetic crawler represents an important advancement in maritime inspection technology, with increased capabilities and improved workflow in hull repair and safety assurance.
Android application; Hull inspection; Internet of Things (IoT); Magnetic crawler
THE STUDY OF DIFFERENT SIZES OF DIY MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Achieving perfect combustion plays a vital role in the operation of marine diesel engines, as it directly impacts the engine's efficiency, performance, and emissions. Perfect combustion entails the complete burning of fuel, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Optimization of engine performance, enhance fuel economy, and reduce emissions can be attained by adjusting the fuel injection system in response to pressure variations. To maximize performance and efficiency, careful attention must be given to the design and maintenance of both the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system in a diesel engine. The project aimed to illustrate the actual working pressure in the combustion chamber of an operational direct injection diesel engine. An injector tester was employed to showcase diverse pressure buildups on DIY model combustion chambers of varying sizes. A slowmotion camera was utilized to provide a detailed observation of the processes involved in spray formation and dispersion. The slowmotion footage served as a valuable visual aid, facilitating an understanding of how alterations in pressure and volume affect the atomization of fuel and the subsequent spray pattern. Mathematical approaches were employed to determine the chamber pressure buildup and the spray cone angle. An increase in pressure from 16.71Pa to 36.61Pa within the 150ml DIY model chamber resulted in a wider spray angle, whereas a decrease in pressure from 17.29Pa to 8.07Pa within the 200ml DIY model chamber led to a narrower spray angle.
perfect combustion, pressure variation, DIY model combustion chamber, slow-motion camera, spray pattern.
FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS FOR MECHANICAL COMPONENT OF DIY 3D PRINTER
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a widely used tool for identifying potential failure modes in a system, evaluating their effects, and implementing measures to mitigate or eliminate them. In the case of a DIY 3D printer, FMEA can be used to identify potential failure modes that could lead to sub-optimal performance or even complete system failure. The FMEA process involves identifying potential failure modes, determining their severity, likelihood of occurrence, and detectability, and then prioritizing them based on their risk priority number (RPN). This process can be used to identify potential failure modes in various aspects of the 3D printer system, including mechanical components. In the maritime sector, the use of 3D printers in replacing several main machinery parts is now seeking demand. There is no denying that using this technology in the industry has both benefits and drawbacks. Yet as time passes, this technology's deficiencies continue to be corrected and it keeps growing. Understanding modern technologies like 3D printing is therefore highly beneficial. Knowing how well the printer is in excellent condition and locating the printer issue that will result in the machine being underpowered are some aims of the risk assessment. A risk analysis of printer failure is essential to prevent failure while running the printer. The printer's durability will occasionally decrease, and it is simple to destroy the internal components by pushing them to perform harder than they can. Understanding the state of this printer is the primary goal of risk assessment or risk failure analysis. Hence, in this project, the mechanical components of DIY 3D printer failure risk assessment are conducted using FMEA.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), RPN number, DIY 3D printer, Maritime sector
Muhammad Hamizan Syazwan bin Mohamad Zubir
INVESTIGATION ON THE COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES OF VARIOUS TYPE OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Positive displacement pumps have extreme significance across multiple industries as they provide a dependable and economical means of transferring fluids. Engineers compared the efficiency and performance of various positive displacement pumps to determine which was the most effective for fluid transfer. In light of the critical impact that volumetric and mechanical efficiency have on overall pump design, the research centred on these parameters. To accomplish this, the study provided a comprehensive examination of gear, piston, vane, and swash plate pumps, demonstrating their efficiency across diverse operational scenarios to draw a conclusion, which pump that is the best to be used inside the steering gear system. The relevant research framework offered valuable perspectives on the current body of knowledge. Utilizing Tecquipment's MFP103 Positive Displacement Pump Test Set, experiments were conducted per the research methodology, with operating parameters systematically altered. The results of this study enhance knowledge regarding the efficiency of positive displacement pumps, which assists engineers in the process of choosing the most appropriate pump for a wide range of fluid transfer applications onboard ship.
efficiency, pumps, gear, piston, vane, swash-plate
STUDY ON DELIVERY BEHAVIOUR OF SIMMS-FUEL PUMP WITH VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD)
This project uses a model simulation and analysis approach on a standalone mechanical fuel injection (MUI) system which detached from an engine located at Marine Workshop B20, UniKL MIMET. The subject of choice is a plunger-type reciprocating fuel pump that initially used a camshaft to deliver fuel to the engine and can be retrofitted onto light diesel internal combustion engines (ICE). As a simulation, the pump is connected to a single-phase AC motor 220 V rated at 1.8 kW via a coupling connection instead of a traditional engine. When the electric motor rotates, the shaft drives the fuel pump plunger reciprocally. This project intends to solve the problem of uneven fuel delivery. In these instances, the cause is the inconsistent rotation per minute (RPM) of the electric motors. The problem may be solved by adding a moderator, Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) electronic linked to the motor, which will regulate (limit) the current flow of specific frequency. SolidWorksTM software is extensively used to design the pump cylindrical chamber via a 3D modelling approach. The designed model is then simulated and analysed using ANSYS FluentTM software at different shaft driving speed RPM. The project aims to explore the relationship of driving speed variations RPM with the fuel pump discharge pressure, velocity stream and flowrate. From simulation, it is obtained that SIMMS-fuel pump capable to generate 4.08 MPa to 14.33 MPa and deliver 15.62 g/s to 29.22 g/s at 500 RPM to 3000 RPM respectively which concludes the increasing of driving speed RPM indeed cause increasing of discharge pressure and velocity of the fuel.
Fuel Pump; Mechanical Fuel Injection (MUI); Shaft Driving Speed RPM; ANSYS Simulation; Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD).
IOT-BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SEAFARERS USING ARDUINO
This project proposes a novel Internet of Things (IoT)-based health monitoring system specifically designed for seafarers, aiming to improve their well-being and facilitate proactive healthcare management in the isolated maritime environment. Seafarers often face challenges in accessing timely healthcare services while at sea, and their health conditions may deteriorate due to delayed medical interventions. The aim of this project is to develop an IoTbased health monitoring system using Arduino to provide real-time health data of seafarers, ensuring their well-being during maritime journeys. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller platform to acquire vital health data, including heart rate and body temperature, continuously through integrated sensors embedded in a wearable device. This data is then wirelessly transmitted via an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to a central server for remote monitoring and analysis. By providing real-time insights into the health status of seafarers, the system enables timely interventions and preventative measures, contributing to a safer and healthier maritime workforce. The study involves the collection of heart rate and body temperature data from 10 participants using a temperature sensor and pulse sensor, with measurements taken every 4 hours throughout a single day, starting from 8 am until 12am. This comprehensive data collection allows for thorough analysis and the identification of potential health concerns, paving the way for improved healthcare practices within the maritime industry.
Internet of Things, Pulse sensor, Body temperature, Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MODIFIED κ-CARRAGEENAN POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) HYDROGEL BEADS
Textile wastewater contains synthetic fabric dyes that pose leading threat to human health and the environment. As standard water treatment methods are unable to remove persistent pollutants from the environment, researchers are turning to better adsorption methods to treat synthetic dyes. The aim of this study is to create a modified hydrogel of κ-carrageenan/poly(acrylic acid) as adsorbent for water treatment. The hydrogel beads were produced by crosslinking N'N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and glutaraldehyde using coating and mixing techniques. Each method generates three samples, A, B, and C, with different compositions of N'Nmethylene bisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent. The swelling and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of the κ-carrageenan hydrogel beads. The outcomes of the FTIR test have demonstrated that there is a crosslinking agent present on κ-carrageenan hydrogel beads. Functional groups include the hydroxyl group (O-H) found in alcohol and phenol, the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon chain (C-H), the carbonyl and amide group (C=O) and (C-N), the sulfonyl and sulfate groups (O=S=O) and (S-O), along with the ester, ether, carboxylic acid, and anhydrides (C-O) presence in each sample ensured that crosslinking agents were successfully present on k-carrageenan beads for both methods. The swelling of κ-carrageenan poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel beads provides an effective technique for designing and modifying polysaccharide-based beads for wastewater treatment.
κ-carrageenan, N'N methylene bisacrylamide, Textile wastewater, hydrogel beads and crosslinking agent
MAGNETISM EFFECT ONTO ALUMINA TOWARDS THE MALACHITE GREEN REMOVAL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Removal of hazardous effluents from the wastewater is crucial for sustainable effluent management. Since industrial activities keep rising to meet the global demand, it is a major concern to monitor the waste management to protect our environment. Dyes and heavy metals are major effluents coming from the industries. Despite other technologies, the ability of magnetic alumina to adsorb one of the carcinogenic dyes, malachite green in an aqueous solution was investigated as an alternative adsorbent due to its low cost, ease of find and higher binding capacities. The synthesized adsorbents were categorized into three different magnetism compounds giving three composites of CoAl, FeAl and NiAl. Chemical characterization using KBr FTIR indicates the presence of hydroxyl groups, alumina and metal stretching in the structure of the magnetic alumina for all composites The adsorption of malachite green was conducted with a variation contact time of 15–180 min. Malachite green was best removed by FeAl at 90 minutes with 97% percent removal.
malachite green, adsorption, removal, magnetism, alumina
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST HOT AIR COFFEE ROASTER FOR HOME APPLICATION
This paper presents the development of a cost-effective hot air coffee roaster tailored for home use, achieving a significant price reduction of approximately 50% compared to similar products in the Malaysian market. The design process, which includes conceptual design, embodiment design, detailed design, prototyping, and testing, was centered around cost-efficiency. As a result, a functional hot-air coffee roaster was developed at an affordable price for home coffee enthusiasts, enabling them to customize their coffee roasting process and achieve their preferred flavor profile at home.
Hot Air Coffee Roaster, Mechanical Engineering Design
PROPERTIES IMPACT OF PENTANOL ADDITIVE ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS: A REVIEW
The adoption of alternative fuels on a worldwide scale is primarily driven by concerns about global warming and energy issues. Alcohol fuels are typically derived from many sources and are commonly manufactured locally. Pentanol, a higher carbon alcohol, can serve as a secondary component in fuel blends. It possesses exceptional characteristics such as having a higher calorific value than lower alcohol, while viscosity and cetane number (CN) are more similar to diesel than lower alcohols. The main intentions of this article are to conduct an analysis of the utilisation of pentanol as an additive with diesel and biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engines. The present study examines how the physicochemical characteristics of pentanol affect the engine performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines. In general, the inclusion of pentanol in both diesel and biodiesel-diesel blends leads to an increase in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and a decrease in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) compared to diesel fuel. Ternary blends, consisting of a substantial proportion of biodiesel, have reduced emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). These emissions drop as the percentage of pentanol in the blend increases. Pentanoldiesel blends exhibit reduced NOx emissions. Pentanol as an additive to diesel and biodiesel has a substantial impact on the reduction of exhaust emissions.
Higher alcohol, diesel fuel, biodiesel, CI engine, Engine Emissions
ANNEALING AND HARDENING IN ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Aluminium's extensive use across various industries is due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance, making it essential in aerospace, automotive, and construction sectors. However, its natural ductility limits its application in situations requiring greater hardness and mechanical strength. Heat treatment plays a crucial role in enhancing these properties in aluminium alloys, but the specific effects of different heat treatment parameters on hardness and microstructure remain underexplored. This experiment aims to address this by investigating the influence of annealing on aluminium alloys to optimize heat treatment processes. In this experiment, aluminium samples were annealed at 500°C for three hours, while other samples underwent hardening at 400°C followed by rapid quenching in water. The Vickers hardness test was employed to measure hardness, and microstructure analysis examined changes in grain structure due to the treatments. The results revealed a significant increase in hardness, attributed to a refined grain structure post-treatment. These findings provide crucial insights for optimizing heat treatment processes, offering practical implications for industries striving to enhance the performance and longevity of aluminium components. This experiment ultimately contributes to improving the competitiveness of aluminium in high-demand applications where superior mechanical properties are essential, ensuring its continued relevance
Heat treatment, Aluminium Alloy, Annealing, Hardness, Microstructure analysis
FABRICATION OF RECHARGEABLE SCREWDRIVER FOR SMALL-VOLUME ASSEMBLY PROCESS
This project presents the fabrication and concept of a rechargeable screwdriver that helps people assemble and disassemble items like cupboards, tables or chairs. The rechargeable screwdriver uses rotational motion with a DC rotary motor. The screws can be driven to tighten or loosen by pushing a switch. The product aims to give better accessibility to all generations of age, from young people to teenagers, adults, and senior citizens, as it will be much easier to use and does not require much force. Besides that, this project also discusses the product's sustainability, where the product's material is mainly focused on cheap but usable items and recyclable and reusable items. In conclusion, the developed prototype of an electric screwdriver is handy for many tasks and comes with different tips for different screws. Overall, the screwdriver is safe and easy to use and is expected to last longer than a typical rechargeable screwdriver.
screwdriver, rechargeable, DC rotary motor
CHARACTERISTIC OF MICRO EMISSION BUBBLES IN A DROPLET IMPINGING ON A HEATING SAPPHIRE SURFACE
A technique for cooling that has been found to have a higher heat transfer coefficient than one that involves circulating cooling water over a heated surface is the spraying of fine water droplets onto a surface. This study aims to examine and elucidate the mechanism behind the behaviors that resulted in the formation of bubbles in a droplet's core when a water droplet collided with a heated surface. To clearly see the bubble that forms at the solid-liquid contact interface, a transparent sapphire was utilized as the heating surface. A highspeed video camera captured the boiling behavior from the horizontal view. The fluctuation of the bubbles was examined to ascertain their behavior during the boiling process. To ascertain the impact of surface wettability, two distinct heating surfaces were also employed. Compared to the original sapphire surface, the heated sapphire surface with hydrogen peroxide plasma layer had improved wettability thus higher bubble point density. At 320°C, the lifetime of bubbles was the longest, and the vertical fluctuation of the fluid that could be perceived as the bubbles moved was also intense. Moreover, the maximum instantaneous velocity of the fluid determined from the bubble movement at this time exceeded 2 m/s.
Droplet, Bubble Generation, Impingement, Heat Transfer, Fluctuation
INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOR OF BUBBLES GENERATION IN A DROPLET IMPINGING ON A HEATING SURFACE
Cooling method in which fine water droplets are sprayed onto a high-temperature surface has been considered as a method that has a higher heat transfer coefficient than a cooling method in which cooling water is circulated over a high-temperature surface. The purpose of this study is to observe and clarify the mechanism of generation behaviors of bubbles in the center of droplet when a water droplet collided with a heating surface. A transparent sapphire was used as the heating surface in order to clearly catch the bubble which arises at the solid-liquid contact surface. Boiling behavior was photographed by a high-speed video camera from the backside direction of the surface. Bubbles’ fluctuation was measured in order to determine the behavior during boiling process. Also, two different heating surfaces were used to determine the effect of surface wettability. Alas, the sapphire heated surface pretreated with hydrogen peroxide plasma had better wettability and increased bubble point density than the original sapphire surface.
DEVELOPMENT OF RICE BUCKET TROLLEY WITH TRI-WHEEL STAIR CLIMBING
The design and development of a rice bucket trolley with tri-wheel stair climbing aims to enhance the efficiency and ease of transporting rice buckets within a café setting. This project originates from the observation of workers manually moving rice buckets without dedicated transportation methods, leading to concerns about potential injuries and inefficiencies. The trolley's design incorporates features such as a handle, castor wheels, and tri-wheel stair climbing to improve functionality and maneuverability. Through extensive research and iterative design processes such as the House of Quality, Product Design Specification, Concept Design, and Concept Evaluation, the trolley's specifications were refined to meet the specific needs of café workers. Additionally, the fabrication process involved selecting suitable materials, estimating costs, and implementing safety measures. The final product addresses concerns related to worker safety and ease of use. Overall, the design and development of the rice bucket trolley with tri-wheel stair climbing represents a practical solution to streamline operations and promote a safer working environment in café settings.
rice bucket trolley, tri-wheel stair climbing, design, fabrication, concept generation, concept evaluation
APPLICATION OF FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD(FDM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD(FEM) IN SOLVING HEAT PROBLEM
The numerical methods known as the Finite Difference Method and the Finite Element Method are utilized widely for solving heat problems, particularly in engineering applications. This research aims to determine the optimal approach for solving 2D regular geometry heat transfer, comparing between two methods which are the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The investigation focuses on steady-state heat transfer scenarios. MATLAB is employed for computations and generating temperature distribution graphs. The findings suggest that the Finite Element Method is more accurate in addressing 2D steady-state heat problems, as evidenced by a larger blue region in the error distribution plot.
2D regular geometry, heat transfer, finite difference method, finite element method
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE STATIONERY RACK
The perception of product creation is thriving daily in the realm of modern technology to users. Products with several features have notably altered the modern world. This project shows the construction of a multipurpose stationery rack by gathering knowledge from college students. The prime objective of product development is to expand its market share considering all the college students’ requirement. It is necessary f or a product not only to fulfil college students need but also to cope up with target market specification. Various product development tools have been used to implement the desired concepts. 3D printer machine used to complete the fabrication of this project. The design is done by using SOLIDWORK.
A STUDY OF EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN LUMUT PORT BY USING PH ANALYSISIN THE REDUCTION OF SEA CREATURES HARMNESS
This initiative focuses on Perak, Malaysia, Manjung River water quality. Potential of hydrogen analysis measured marine animal attachment at Lumut Port. Second, identify water quality data factors. In order to compare Manjung River water quality trends for validation. Water is essential to humans and ecosystems; hence water quality is significant. This study collected water samples in a selected research zone using the specific appropriate equipment. In this river, marine creatures were most affected by pH, followed by temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and turbidity. Identifying water sampling sites wasthe goal. Know the area before taking water samples. The concept was based on a station at Port Lumut, it monitors Lumut water. The experiments were repeated to measure the acidity of the water sampling.Color water variations wase observed by researchers during and after sampling. The water sample datawas recorded by the researcher. To obtain the accuracy of the readings, the measurements were compared with the standard-compliant water samples weekly, daily, and hourly. The water quality will affect the aqua life system.
Conductivity, pH, toc sensor, dissolved oxygen, alkaline
SIMULATION OF WAVE BEHAVIOUR AND WAVE BREAKING PATTERNS ALONG THE ROCKY BEACH OF TERENGGANU DURING THE MONSOON SEASON
Coastal erosion caused by high tides during the monsoon season in the east coast of Malaysia has resulted in devastating property losses and poses a significant threat to the coastal ecosystem. While the deformation of the coastline has become a critical issue, there is a dearth of studies specifically examining the foreshore wave behavior along the rocky beach of Terengganu during the monsoon season. Given the difficulty in predicting high tide monsoon waves, this study aims to simulate wave behavior and wave breaking patterns along the rocky beach during this season. To achieve this, Computational Aided Design (CAD) software will be employed to develop a scale model of Pantai Teluk Bidara, while Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software will be utilized to simulate wave breaking. The simulation results demonstrate a gradual decrease in velocity as ocean waves approach the rocky shoreline, with notable energy dissipation and turbulence, followed by irregular variations in velocity, a focused wave energy presence, and eventual dissipation as the waves move away from the shoreline. The CFD simulation provided valuable insights into wave behavior and coastal dynamics at Terengganu's rocky shoreline, highlighting wave energy dissipation, irregularities in wave behavior, the presence of focused wave energy, and the importance of understanding these processes for effective coastal management and erosion mitigation. Further research is recommended to validate the findings, explore additional factors, and improve modeling for enhanced coastal management practices.
rocky beach, monsoon, CFD, wave, shoreline
Muhammad Luqman Hakim Bin Mohd Shaiful Afzam
REVOLUTIONIZING RECYCLING: INNOVATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ALUMINUM CAN AND PLASTIC BOTTLE CRUSHERS
The manual can crusher is a widely adopted device utilized for the compression of various types of cans, relying on human effort for the crushing process. It has been designed with a focus on user convenience, allowing for hand-operated can crushing. However, the ever-increasing accumulation of cans in the waste stream poses a growing environmental challenge, necessitating more effective recycling methods. In response to this critical issue, this research project aims to develop an innovative can crusher system that not only addresses the problem of can waste but also enhances the overall recycling process. The primary objective is to transform crushed cans into compact, stackable configurations, facilitating more efficient storage, transportation, and recycling practices. This approach not only reduces the environmental impact of discarded cans but also optimizes the utilization of valuable recycling resources. Moreover, this versatile machine offers a comprehensive solution by accommodating both cans and bottles, featuring an integrated bottle opener for added user convenience. To further enhance its usability, the design incorporates a wallmounting feature, promoting space-saving and ease of access. The material selected for fabrication is stainless steel, chosen for its exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. This ensures a prolonged operational lifespan, even when subjected to heavy usage over extended periods. In conclusion, the development of this aluminum can and plastic bottle crusher machine represents a significant advancement in the field of waste management and recycling technology. Its multifaceted design not only simplifies everyday life but also contributes to a more sustainable future by making recycling efforts more efficient and accessible. This research demonstrates a practical and eco-friendly solution to the pressing issue of increasing waste accumulation, making it a valuable addition to the literature on waste management and recycling methodologies.
Can Crusher, Recycling, Waste Management, Environmental Impact, Bottle Opener
PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF GRP PERAHU KOLEK
Perahu Kolek is a traditional Malaysian boat building made of wood and is usually used in coastal areas. The design and fabrication of wooden Kolek required a high level of workmanship and skills, and most of the process was done manually by skilled workers. This results in a high production cost of material, labor cost, and production time. Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) is used in the production of modern hull boats as it has several advantages, for example, being a cheaper, stronger, and waterproof material. Generally, the fabrication of the modern fiberglass boat starts with the construction of the hull boat plug, followed by the mould fabrication, and finishes with the production of the boat using fiberglass. In this project, the simplified development of GRP Kolek hull mould using Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) using Rhinoceros software, Power Mill software, and application of 5-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining will be discussed. The Kolek hull plug process is required in order to produce a hull mould. Somehow, in this production process, it directly produces the hull mould using a 5-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. Then, the fabricated mould made of foam will be used for GRP Kolek production. The result of this new technology development can be used as an aid to the new material and concept, high quality and cost saving traditional boats at the same time supporting the preservation of traditional boat building.
Kolek, Glass Reinforced Plastic, Computer Aided Manufacturing
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL SPRAY TROLLEY
Backpack sprayers, also known as knapsack sprayers, are usually used by small farmers who need to carry them on their backs in unpredictable weather. Generally, small farmers used the traditional method of spraying crops with a backpack sprayer, which was time-consuming, costly, and caused human fatigue. Therefore, this paper aims to design a chemical spray trolley that is easy to handle using a mechanical engineering design process. The modeling for this product was developed using SolidWorks software. In order to accomplish the goals, research has been undertaken to brainstorm ideas and assess potential solutions for the design and fabrication of the product. At the end of the study, this chemical spray trolley is way more effective than a backpack sprayer and presents a valuable advantage for farmers.
Design Process, Fabrication, SolidWorks, Chemical Spray Trolley
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN IMPROVED KAYAK RACK
This study discusses the conceptual design process of an improved kayak rack. Observations at UiTM Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Bukit Besi indicate that students have had difficulty storing kayaks due to the rack's height and weight. To solve the problem mentioned above, an alternative is proposed in the form of an improved conceptual kayak rack incorporating lifting motion. The methodologies employed for conceptual design consist of problem definition, concept generation, and concept selection. Through the integration of a lifting mechanism that improves the kayaks' accessibility, the removal and storage of kayaks from the rack is simplified for users. Moreover, ergonomic elements are integrated into the concept to maximize user comfort and reduce the likelihood of sustaining accidents. The outcome of this paper is the establishment of the final concept for the improved kayak rack. This concept will serve as the guidelines for the subsequent mechanical engineering design process, which includes embodiment design, detailed design, and prototyping.
Kayak Rack, House of Quality, Morphological Method, Weighted Decision Matrix, Conceptual Design, Mechanical Engineering Design