Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology
Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology (MJIT), eISSN:2637-1081 (Online), ISSN:2462-2540 (Print), the journal by Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (UniKL MITEC). MJIT is an international and multidisciplinary journal which accepts original articles, reviews of existing knowledge, short communications, technical reports, projects results and findings which have not been previously published anywhere else. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issue and developments in different areas of research.
Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) is an open-access journal that follows the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
BIO-LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT, AT UPPER CRETACEOUS-LOWER PALEOGENE, IN THE AL HAMADAH AL HAMRA AREA, LIBYA
The extensive Triassic to Upper Jurassic sedimentary complex represents a significant period of deposition following a prolonged continental phase from the Upper Permian to the Lower Triassic, spanning approximately (8 million years). This complex is characterised by three distinct hiatuses, including two short interruptions in the Upper Triassic sediments and a substantial hiatus during the Upper Jurassic to Barremian. In addition, the Upper Campanian/Maastrichtian (Al Gharbiyah Formation), is characterised by warm but humid conditions as evidenced by the presence of Fe oxides and glauconitic levels, the Maastrichtian-Danian boundary is marked by the last occurrence of Omphalocyclus macroporus Lamarck and the appearance of Postrugoglobigerina daubjergensis (Broennimann) and Eoglobigerina danica (Bang), while, The transition to the Shurfah Formation is marked by lagoonal sediments at the base, followed by pelagic calcareous limestones and neritic Ammur limestones at the top. Based on the study of the biosedimentary and facies characteristics of the sediments and the facies changes in the Gharbia and Tabaqah Formations, the distribution and proposed new name of the Shurfah Formation has been redefined as Tar Member (formerly Lower Tar Member), the upper part of the Gharbia Formation, and Umm El Kifan (formerly Upper Ta Member), the upper part of the Tabaqah Formation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FEEDING A SCHOOL WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY
One of the most serious problems of the twenty first century is global warming. Therefore, transformation plans for renewable energies have become a necessity not a luxury. Traditional ways of producing electrical energy is one of important source that cause greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming, so the best way to limit damage the environment is to use renewable resources, but it faces some challenges' such as its cost and the suitability climate conditions. In this paper we designed a renewable energy system based on wind and solar energy to feed al-kumishat high school in Gharyan city, Libya. We used r (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables) HOMER program to design and simulate the system to study the technical, economic and environment impacts on the system. The study was conducted on a group of technical, economic factors and variables including three scenarios. The best scenarios are the third scenarios, which is capacity shortage is 10% of 25,527 Kwh/year electric load an­d peak load at 7.79 Kw. So we can reduce the mission of Co2 gas in the atmosphere by about 25,093 kg per year. Also this scenario achieves the lowest level of COE by 0.432$ and a NPC by 55649$. This recommended system configuration includes a 0.938 Kw photo voltage array, three 3.3 Kw turbines and 13 Hoppecke of 1500 AH. Wind energy contributes 90.1% annually, which solar energy provides 9.92%. The system is estimated to have an Excess electricity of 60.5% .
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN NORTH AFRICA: INNOVATING SMART CITIES
One of the most promising research areas for future smart cities is the field of smart energy. Critical issues related to optimisation, the establishment of adaptive smart grids, and advanced computational techniques enabled by artificial intelligence and machine learning warrant further exploration. Renewable energies (RE) are a major asset for global development in the face of climate change and resource scarcity. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative approaches to organizing activities in response to these ever-changing needs. By integrating AI, we can improve the design, deployment and production of RE infrastructures, addressing multiple challenges and boosting the sector's growth and resilience. Our aim is to explore how AI can optimize renewable energy processes in North Africa, assess its impact on different energy sources, analyze labor productivity in the renewable energy sector and discuss its implications for the future development of smart cities.
HORIZONTAL WELL TESTS ANALYSIS USING KAPPA (ECRIN) SOFTWARE
Horizontal wells technology has provided motivation for many applications in the Petroleum Industry, in naturally fractured reservoirs, horizontal wells has been used to intersect fractures and drain them and the reservoir effectively. Horizontal wells also allow operators to take advantage of highly heterogeneous layered reservoirs, reservoirs with fractures, reservoir with gas and water coning problems, heavy oil reservoirs water flood and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application to increase injectivity and improved sweep efficiency.The main objective of this paper is to estimate the three dimensions permeability and skin factor using two different tools first was using Excel sheet by inserting the equation and analysis the flow periods the by using Kappa(ECRIN)software. The results obtained were good matched for two wells and the third well (E38) was hard to be matched in ECRIN but in Excel was analyzed by divided the curves in to three periods, and the other close to each in first and second wells (E37 -E39) when comparison made between Excel sheet and Kappa(ECRIN) software the ky over kz permeability was estimated as 37.41md (ECRIN39.7md) and to tal skin factor-5.15 (ECRIN-7.25) for E37 moreover for well E39 the ky over kz permeability was estimated at 35.5 md (ECRIN 42.4md) and total skin factor -6.19 (ECRIN -7.01). ECRIN software was very hard and didn’t reach to a modelling well E38 because every scattering in pressure derivative, gave permeability 111.3 md in Y dimension in Excel sheet and -1.62 skin factor.
Abdulsalam Mahmud Alsharif Mahmud Alsharif
LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA FOR THE E-COMMERCE MARKET INDUSTRY
Logistics in e-commerce is essential for efficient product delivery. Still, it faces challenges such as high shipping costs, inconsistent human resource performance, lack of transparency, and the need for improved efficiency. This thesis explores these challenges and strategies to enhance ecommerce supply chain efficiency. The study examines factors affecting e-commerce logistics performance, including shipping costs, service quality, and technological advancements, by reviewing relevant literature. Using case studies, surveys, and qualitative analysis, the research identifies effective strategies for improving logistics efficiency. Key findings highlight the benefits of focusing on the final delivery stage, adopting Forward Fulfilment, choosing appropriate thirdparty logistics (3PL) providers, and fostering industry collaboration. Specifically, Forward Fulfilment optimizes human resources by 20%, improves warehouse cost efficiency by 78%, and reduces shipping costs by 65% to Surabaya and 80% to Medan. These insights offer practical guidance for e-commerce companies and logistics providers to enhance performance and thrive in a competitive market.
E-Commerce; Logistics; Forward Fulfilment; EServqual; Decision-Making; Repurchase Intent.
Copyright (c) 2024 Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LEAN SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS IN HEALTHCARE: A SCOPING REVIEW
Lean is a commitment to continuous improvement that may greatly influence an organization’s health, wealth, and competitiveness. This research attempted to identify the factors affecting lean sustainability in healthcare. The scoping review was conducted per a pre-established protocol that complies with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Thematic analysis of the included articles revealed eleven themes aimed at enhancing the sustainability of lean implementations in healthcare. These themes included capacity building, valuebased lean, leadership, monitoring and evaluation, attitudes and behaviours, project team, project management, dissemination, organizational capacity, incentives, and policy. This review is helpful in providing evidence-based recommendations on factors to support long-term lean sustainability in a health organization.
LEAN APPROACHES IN IMPROVING LONG WAITING TIME FOR PATIENTS TO COLLECT MEDICINE AT HOSPITAL SULTANAH AMINAH, JOHOR BAHRU (HSAJB)
The long waiting times in the outpatient pharmacy at Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru (HSAJB) are a persistent issue that negatively impacts patient productivity and hospitality experience. This unit serves an average of 1,800 patients daily from more than 25 specialist clinics in the HSAJB polyclinic building. Overcrowding, inefficient patient flow, and long waiting hours at HSAJB have led to increased dissatisfaction and patient complaints. On average, patients wait 76 minutes to collect medication at HSAJB, whereas the dispensing processing time should ideally be within 30 minutes according to our Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Lean methodology aims to improve the patient experience by reducing the waiting times. The drug preparation process involves 7 stages in the Value Stream Mapping (VSM), with 13 steps. Patients waited an average of 76 minutes for medication, with 69.05 minutes as non-value-added time and 7.05 minutes as value-added time. VSM considers patient journey experience, identifying root causes like insufficient workflow, limited counter space, resource allocation, overcrowding, and understaffing through fishbone and swim lane diagrams. Thirty (30) areas of waste were identified. Eight (8) Kaizen bursts were implemented, focusing on process optimization, workflow improvement, infrastructure enhancement, and patient mobilization. resulted in a standardized process. Kaizen bursts led to the development of a standardized process with total lead times reduced to 4.9 minutes. The 7 stages of the VSM were streamlined to 3, and the total processes reduced from 13 to 6. Workforce optimization reduced from 6 personnel to 1. MedXpress ordering service and improved collection points have significantly reduced waiting times, enabling convenient medicine collection. The Lean approach in an outpatient pharmacy reduced waiting times and improved satisfaction, with future promotion through a 'Lean Corner' and Kaizen culture through weekly gemba walks and brainstorming sessions.
Lean; Kaizen; Value Stream Mapping; Waiting time; Outpatient pharmacy
NANOMATERIALS: CLASSIFICATION, ORIGINS, HISTORY, TOXICITY, AND REGULATION
Synthesis, characterization, investigation, and utilization of nanostructured materials (NSMs) are the main topics of nanoscience. These materials have at least one dimension that is in the nanoscale range. A nanometer, or 10-9m, is one billionth of a meter. A nanometer is about the length of ten hydrogen atoms or five silicon atoms arranged in a straight line. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the processing, structure, and properties of materials whose grain sizes range from tens to many hundreds of nanometers. The ability to pattern and describe materials at the nanoscale length scale is driving a revolution in materials science and engineering. Innovative materials possessing exceptional electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical characteristics are being created at a swift pace for applications in bioengineering, information technology, energy, and the environment. The essay provides a summary of the origins of NPs and NSMs, both natural and manufactured, as well as their harmful effects on tissue. It also covers the history and classifications of NMs. Also covered are the laws that various nations have put in place to lessen the risks involved.
Nanotechnology; Nanoscience; Nanometer; Nanoparticles (NPs); Nanostructured Materials (NSMs)
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES AT AL ASMARYA UNIVERSITY
This paper investigates the effectiveness of assessments used in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses at Al Asmarya University. The study emphasizes the importance of assessments with the students’ needs, ensuring that the language skills taught are relevant to their future professional careers. A questionnaire was administered to fifteen English language teachers involved in ESP courses, gathering insights on the assessment methods employed and their perceived effectiveness in enhancing students' language proficiency. The findings reveal that a variety of assessment techniques are commonly utilized. These methods are designed to evaluate students' abilities to apply their language skills in context-relevant tasks, such as writing professional emails and delivering technical presentations. The results further indicate that teachers regard these evaluations as beneficial for improving students' competence in the English language, particularly with respect to grammatical constructs and lexical understanding. The study also identifies some challenges that need to be deal with such as the design and the implementation of assessments. Challenges such as the need for special assessment tools and the evaluation of communicative competence are highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of assessments in ESP courses, ultimately contributing to better educational outcomes for students at Al Asmarya University.
Assessments; teachers’ perceptions; English for Specific purposes, students’ needs; language proficiency.
A SURVEY OF DRUG DISPENSING IN PRIVATE PHARMACIES OF BENGHAZI, LIBYA; A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY
This cross-sectional survey studies the patterns of drug dispensing, identifies the extent of drug dispensing without a prescription, studies the methods, times, and improper refilling of prescriptions at pharmacies in the city of Benghazi,Libya, and whenever possible, study how close the obtained results are from the available published. A random sample of 16 private pharmacies located in different areas of Benghazi was chosen, and data was collected at each pharmacy for one week from 4 pm to 8 pm the study lasted one month, the study sample was 1210 subjects. A drug dispensing questionnaire form was designed and filled out. The obtained forms were analysed to study the pattern of drug dispensing in Benghazi. The percentage of dispensing drugs with a prescription, and without a prescription was computed for the respondents, medications were dispensed with a prescription for (49%) of the respondents, while (51%) of medication dispensing occurred without a prescription. In conclusion this study reveals an extensive supply of medicines, both prescription and nonprescription, in the city of Benghazi and that Libya does not follow official regulations for controlling drug dispensing. Educational and managerial interventions should restrict inappropriate dispensing, improving the dispenser’s knowledge, professional behavior, and attitude
Drug dispensing; Irrational use; prescription dispensing; Nonprescription dispensing; controlled drugs.
NUMERICAL STUDIES FOR SOLVING ABEL'S DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
This paper uses the Abel's Equation, often used in various fields including physics and engineering, represents a mathematical model that can be complex to solve analytically. This research focuses on solving the Abel's Equation using several numerical methods: Euler's method, Taylor series method, Adomian decomposition method, and Runge-Kutta method. Each method has its advantages and applicability depending on the specific characteristics of the equation being solved.
Abel differential equation; Euler's method; Taylor series expansion; Adomian decomposition method; Runge-Kutta method.
ULTRASONICALLY SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL NANOPARTICLES IN 2D AND 3D HEXAGONAL MESOPOROUS SILICA
Nickel catalyst supported on 2D and 3D hexagonal mesoporous silica was synthesized with ultrasonically incipient wet impregnation method. The catalysts prepared were characterized by HRTEM, XRD, and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm techniques. Nickel particles were finely dispersed on the surface of the mesoporous silica in case of 3D hexagonal morphology, and some particles were found to be aggregated on the outer wall of the support in the case of 2D hexagonal mesoporous silica.
nickel catalyst; mesoporous silica; incipient impregnation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN TRACKING STUDENTS' BEHAVIOR WHILE USING ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING PLATFORMS
The problems that different aspects of teaching and learning provide to the education industry are continuous. Teachers and students together always struggle to increase their knowledge due to ongoing technological breakthroughs in education. In order to remain on track and maintain students’ engagement during the COVID-19 epidemic, several educational institutions were compelled to quickly implement such technologies. Students that participate in asynchronous e-learning are by themselves throughout the process of learning. The main effects of this loneliness are dissatisfaction and lack of motivation, which increase the dropout rate. Monitoring a student's behavior while they are learning enables timely intervention. However, the amount of information offered to teachers in the online courses could be excessive. This study has shown the impact of cloud computing and its function in tracking students' behavior throughout the asynchronous e-learning process. We compile student data and perform a questionnaire survey on the relevance of the cloud in asynchronous e-learning. To simplify the components and improve the outcomes, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied. The findings are analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The research demonstrates how technology use and improved internet infrastructure have a significant positive influence on learning, enabling studying at anytime and anyplace.
Asynchronous e-learning, cloud computing, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
LIBYAN EFL TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN OVERCOMING OBSTACLES TO IMPROVING EFL LEARNERS' AUTONOMY
This study examines Libyan EFL teachers' perspectives on the importance of technology in overcoming obstacles to improving EFL learners' autonomy. Through qualitative interviews and focus groups with twenty EFL instructors, who were selected purposefully, at Elmergib Universities, including the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Art, this study identifies major barriers such as traditional teaching techniques, resource limitations, and cultural attitudes toward education. The results reveal that although teachers are aware of the positive effects of encouraging student autonomy, they encounter major obstacles that make it difficult for them to successfully put these strategies into practice. The study concludes with recommendations for addressing these challenges and improving the autonomy of Libyan EFL students through integrating technology into teaching strategies and highlighting the necessity of resource allocation, professional development, and a change in teaching methods.
EFL learner autonomy; technology; EFL teachers' view; challenges; strategies
SOME PHYSICS APPLICATIONS OF THE NEW INTEGRATION
In this work, we apply a new integral transform the Abaoub-Shkheam Transform in solving first and second-order ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients and equations are concerned with a damping mechanical force system and an inductive capacitive electrical circuit in mechanics and electrical circuit problems with initial conditions. Also, we will discuss the applications of the Abaoub-Shkheam Transform in solving the differential equations related to successive radioactive decay of the parent nucleus which is an important subject in nuclear physics. Also included are the formulae for computing the daughter and granddaughter nuclei, as well as instructions for the function of the mechanical system's transfer.
Physics, application, integration, differential equations
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING IN LIBYAN EFL CLASSROOMS
Artificial intelligence integration is becoming increasingly popular in English language learning. This paper explores the effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on English language learning, with a specific focus on the attitudes Libyan EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers at the Faculty of Education, Elmergib University. For this purpose, 20 Libyan EFL teachers were purposefully selected. The required data were collected using a mixed-methods, gathering both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 20 EFL teachers who incorporate AI tools in their teaching practices. A survey instrument including multiple-choice, open-ended, and Likert-scale items was used to gather the quantitative data. Semi-structured interviews were also used to collect qualitative data from the same sample of twenty EFL teachers. The results obtained from the data analysis and discussion indicated that, while EFL teachers have a positive attitude towards AI tools, constant support and comprehensive training will enable them to make the best use of AI tools and to overcome associated challenges with their integration.
Artificial Intelligence; Attitudes; challenges; English language learning ELL
The work in this project studied the productivity index of horizontal wells in the Mabruk (west Mabruk) oil field. Different aspects of horizontal wells were reviewed; including drilling and completion technologies, limitations and applications. Different method were used to calculate productivity index under steady state (e.g ,Borisov's ,Joshi's ,Giger and Renard and Dupuy ,methods) and pseudo steady state conditions (e.g. the Mutalik et al , Babu and Odeh , Kuchuk et al methods) of the horizontal well were also reviewed. The factors effect pressure drops between the reservoir and the wellbore such as well length, permeability, reservoir thickness, drainage area, fluid viscosity, and perforation percentage. Horizontal drilling has been used successfully to Increase the productivity of reservoirs; many formulas can be used to compute the productivity of horizontal compared to vertical ones. The objectives of this work are to identify the different flow regimes in Horizontal Wells and reservoir parameters that are required to calculate the Productivity Index and to compare the Productivity between the different methods in Horizontal Wells.
Productivity index, Horizontal well, drilling, fluid viscosity
THE EXPERIMENT OF PERMEABILITY OF PLASTIC WRAP TO WATER VAPOR (EVAPORATION): TAGUCHI METHODS APPROACH
Plastic wrap, cling film, saran wrap, cling wrap, glad wrap or food wrap is a thin plastic film typically used for sealing food items in containers to keep them fresh over a longer period of time. Plastic wrap, typically sold on rolls in boxes with a cutting edge, clings to many smooth surfaces and can thus remain tight over the opening of a container without adhesive. However, different types of plastic wrap are already on the market, making it difficult for consumers to choose the best option. Therefore, this experiment was designed to evaluate the permeability of the polymer using various types of plastic wrap to prevent evaporation and, indirectly, to study and understand about the factors that can affect plastic wrap evaporation during the permeability of plastic wrap. This experiment assists users in determining which plastic wrap to use using Taguchi Methods approach.
Plastic wrap; Cling film; Permeability; Taguchi Methods
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ON PIPE DEFECTS AT WELDING ERECTION PROCESS
The project was carried out at Aldats (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., located in Bandar Baru Seri Alam, Masai Johor. Aldats (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. offered three main services which are Engineering and Construction, Manpower Supply and Trading. Current pipe defect at engineering and construction services is 40% which in September 2022. The aim of this project is to reduce pipe defect at welding erection process by at least 20%. After the quality improvement by implement DMAIC, the result shows a decreasing to 27% in December 2022.
Lean Six Sigma; Improvement; P; (List ipe Defects; Welding Erection Process; DMAIC.
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING CLOUD COMPUTING IN TRACKING STUDENTS' BEHAVIOR WHILE USING ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING PLATFORMS
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL FORENSIC TOOLS IN COMBATING CYBER CRIME: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BASED ON PREVIOUS RESEARCH
Digital forensic investigations are essential in the fight against cybercrime, particularly in hacking and extortion cases. This study highlights the effectiveness of cutting-edge forensic tools and methodologies in recovering digital evidence and identifying offenders. Building on foundational research, such as Yusof and Othman (2019) and Chung et al. (2017), this work systematically reviews the literature to identify critical gaps and emerging trends in digital forensics. The findings underscore the significant role of digital forensic tools in enhancing evidence recovery and perpetrator identification, addressing challenges noted by Zareen and Ullah (2020) and Alenezi et al. (2021). Continued investment in digital forensic research and the establishment of robust legal frameworks are imperative, as emphasized by Azfar et al. (2016) and Iqbal et al. (2018). Recommendations for future research include expanding the scope of inquiry, scrutinizing legal frameworks, and integrating new technologies. For practitioners, fostering collaboration, providing ongoing training, and creating specialized centers are vital. Ultimately, equipping digital forensic experts with these strategies will enhance their ability to preempt and counteract the challenges posed by cybercriminals, thereby protecting individuals, organizations, and society at large.
Digital Criminal Investigations; Combating Cybercrime; Digital Evidence Recovery; Identification of Perpetrators; Digital Criminal Investigation Tools
LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA FOR THE E-COMMERCE MARKETINDUSTRY
E-Commerce; Logistics; Forward Fulfilment; EServqual; Decision-Making; Repurchase Intent
SUPPORTING PATIENTS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN MALAYSIA USING MOBILE APPLICATION ENABLED WITH OBJECT AND TEXT RECOGNITION
When people are diagnosed with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) disease, object or text recognition through their eyesight pose a challenging task as they are not blind but lose the central vision. Despite various assistive technologies available to help AMD patients to see better in advanced or western countries but there is lack of research how lightweight mobile application with object and text recognition capability to help Malaysian AMD patients especially in situations without Internet connection. The research objective is to understand Malaysian AMD patient’s requirement then develop a simple but useful mobile application with object and text recognition capability to generate audio speech for patients to perceive and understand their surrounding environment better. After literature reviewed, appropriate machine learning models are selected and trained for object and text recognition functionality. Then the mobile application is developed using Kotlin programming language and Android Studio before series of testing are conducted. Three AMD patients also are selected to test the mobile application. The developed mobile application yields mean Average Precision (mAP) of 42% for object recognition and 83% for text recognition. Despite lower mAP for object recognition however through Unit and Usability Testing conducted on AMD patients, the test results met their requirements and the mobile application did support them to have a better grasp of their surroundings. This research contributed a small step in relieving Malaysian AMD patients to see better and live more independently. Limitations and future improvements were also provided.
Age-related macular degeneration; Mobile application; Object recognition; Text recognition; Speech generation
DIRTY, DANGEROUS, AND DIFFICULT SECTORS: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND WAY FORWARD
This article aims to offer a broad perspective on the factors contributing to Malaysians' hesitancy to pursue employment in the 3D sectors. It achieves this by emphasizing crucial factors that contribute to this problem, thus identifying potential and feasible solutions. This article proposes practical solutions that aim to improve employers' compliance with human rights in order to attract more Malaysian workers. Improving working conditions could potentially help reduce reliance on foreign workers in the future.
3D Sector; Challenges; Employment; Opportunities
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS IN LIBYA
Libya's construction industry faces significant challenges due to various environmental factors that impact construction practices, sustainability, and project success. This study examines key environmental influences, such as climate, soil conditions, water availability, and natural disasters. Libya's harsh climate, characterized by extreme temperatures, arid landscapes, and sandstorms, complicates construction efforts. High temperatures can hinder concrete hardening, leading to structural weaknesses, while sandstorms can delay projects and damage equipment.Libya's diverse soil conditions, including vast areas of clay and sandy soils, require specialized foundation solutions to ensure stability and prevent structural failure. Water shortages further complicate construction, as water is vital for processes like concrete mixing and dust control. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable water management practices to mitigate impacts on communities and ecosystems.Natural disasters like flash floods and earthquakes, though less frequent, add risks to construction projects. Incorporating resilient design, sustainable materials, and environmentally friendly technologies is essential for building a more resilient and sustainable construction industry in Libya.
Construction building; Water in construction; Water Recycling.
ROLE OF FRESH CARROT JUICE AGAINST CISPLATIN TOXICITY ON SPLEEN AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN RABBITS
The current research targeted to study the role of the juice of the carrot against cisplatin toxicity in the spleen of male rabbits by using a single injection of cisplatin in an intraperitoneal of 5 mg/kg. The parameter counts of WBCs, PLT, LYM, MID, and GRA and the level of C3 complement protein were measured. The result showed changes in the hematological parameters in the group of CP treated and the group of CP treated with oral fresh carrot juice paralleled to the control group. WBCs and PLT count in serum samples show an important P- value < 0.05 decrease in the serum of rabbits treated with cisplatin paralleled to the negative control group. Moreover, there were decreases in LYM and MID counts but non-significant in the serum rabbits treated with CP paralleled to the group of negative control. However, the GRA count and level of C3 complement were increased in the serum rabbits treated with CP paralleled to the control negative group. After rabbits received an oral dose of fresh carrot juice 5ml/kg for the following 4 days before cisplatin injection, 3 following days after cisplatin injection, the level of C3 complement and counts of GRA were reduced in the group of CP-treated with oral fresh carrot juice, and succeeded in restoring the level of C3, count of GRA to the same range to the negative control. Moreover, the count of LYM slightly increased compared to the group of CP treated but not in the same range as the negative control. However, other parameters show no effect of the fresh carrot juice treatment. Furthermore, for histopathological investigation, the spleen from all groups was collected. Histological observations of spleen show that fresh carrot juice has the role reduced the toxicity of cisplatin by reduce the effect of cisplatin in the tissues which reduce number of the white cells in red and with pulp. This study demonstrated that fresh carrot juice has a role as a potential therapeutic against (CP) toxicity in the immunity of rabbits.
Cisplatin, Spleen, Carrot, Immune, toxicity
CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN CANCER BASED ON DEEP LEARNING USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS – OPPORTUNITIES AND VULNERABILITIES A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have outperformed dermatologists in the classification of skin lesions related to skin cancer, potentially saving lives through earlier diagnosis. By just installing an app on their mobile devices, people will be able to self-diagnose their cancer. By the end of 2021[28], 6.3 billion people are expected to have used the subscriptions to diagnose themselves with skin cancer. This study shows its findings after reviewing a large number of research articles on CNN-based skin lesion classification. Thanks to recent advances in machine learning algorithms, the rate at which skin lesions are erroneously identified has decreased as compared to dermatologist categorisation. This study looks at the approaches that have been taken, the effectiveness of those approaches, and the development of CNN in the successful classification of skin cancer subtypes. While deep learning with CNN gives advantages over a dermatologist, it also has certain disadvantages when misclassifying photos depending on symptoms and criteria. We also address these weaknesses in this overview research. We searched the Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for published original research publications. From the web publications we looked for, we selected articles with sufficient data and information about the authors' study and created an overview of the authors' approaches and methodologies. There is currently a lack of review literature addressing the merits and drawbacks of applying deep learning to the classification of skin cancer. Advances in deep learning and machine learning technology can eliminate human error and prevent errors and classifications. Along with their limitations, we will also discuss the benefits of using CNNs for deep learning.
Skin Cancer; Deep Learning; Skin Cancer Classification; CNN; Transfer Learning; Machine Learning.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ISO/IEC 17025 PRACTICES AT UNIKL MITEC LABORATORY TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES
This research critically examines UniKL MITEC laboratories' compliance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accreditation standards. The laboratories have not achieved full accreditation for an extended period, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of their practices. A qualitative and quantitative approach involving interviews, observations, and gap analysis was employed. The self-assessment checklist, designed by the researcher, measured the laboratory's readiness for accreditation certification. Descriptive statistics revealed that the laboratory's compliance with clause 8, focusing on management requirements, is currently at a modest 40%. This signifies a significant gap between their current practices and the minimum compliance level. The study further assessed specific clauses within clause 8, ranging from 8.1 to 8.9, revealing that the least compliance observed was at 37.5%, while the highest was only 42.5%. A Pareto analysis highlighted that clause 8.2 and 8.5 are the major contributors to non-compliance, accounting for over 30% of the cumulative gap percentage. Notably, clause 8.2 exhibited the most significant gap, with 59 individual gap levels identified. The research delves into a detailed cause-and-effect analysis, investigating the root causes of noncompliance within the laboratory's current practices concerning clause 8. Proposed improvements align with management concepts and ISO/IEC 17025 standards. In essence, this research serves as a valuable contribution to enhancing laboratory practices, ensuring alignment with international standards, and identifying opportunities for improvement in management requirements.
ISO/IEC 17025:2017; Gap Analysis; Assessment Framework; University Testing Laboratories.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC COATINGS FOR HIGHTEMPERATURE APPLICATION
Ceramic coatings are used in high-temperature applications, focusing on their behaviour under thermal stress and their ability to resist oxidation. The aim is to understand how these coatings can prevent cracks caused by oxidation on the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer. Tests were conducted on ceramic-coated samples exposed to cycles of high temperatures (600°C) and subsequent cooling. The duration of pre-oxidation was varied, and two types of samples single ceramic layer and double ceramic layer TBC were used. The research aims to identify the time it takes for oxidation to occur after applying ceramic coatings and evaluate whether double-layer coatings offer superior protection against oxidation compared to single-layer coatings. The outcomes ofthis study will contribute to the development of ceramic coatings with enhancedresistance to oxidation, particularly in high-temperature environments. The findings provide insights into the factors influencing TGO layer thickness and contribute to the prevention of cracks caused by oxidation. This research holds practical implications for industries relying on high-temperature applications. It establishes a foundation for further advancements in ceramic coatings, intending to improve material performance and extend the lifespan of components operating in extreme conditions.
ceramic coatings, thermal stress, oxidation resistance, thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer, high-temperature applications.
IMPROVING FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY MANAGEMENT DURING THE FESTIVE SEASON BY USING WITNESS SIMULATION
Food industry companies are under pressure to increase production process efficiency and productivity. The use of simulation in the production process is one of the ways to achieve this. Witness simulation software can be used to simulate factory processes and procedures effectively. As to solve Salleh Food Industries Sdn. Bhd. problem the researcher has used modelling simulation tools to manage its inventory management. The research findings and proposed recommendations provide valuable insights for Salleh Food Industries to address challenges in their production processes, particularly during festive seasons. The identification of a production capacity shortfall led to the implementation of two proposed designs, with Proposed Design 1 emerging as the more optimal solution due to its effectiveness in meeting production targets and cost-efficiency. The crucial next steps for Salleh Food Industries involve the careful implementation of Proposed Design 1, ensuring that the workforce is adequately trained to operate and maintain the upgraded machinery safely. This not only enhances operational efficiency but also reduces the risk of workplace injuries resulting from a lack of skill. Additionally, establishing a regular maintenance schedule and incorporating quality checks at various production stages are vital strategies to prevent breakdowns, maintain consistent production, and meet required production standards.
Witness Simulation; Festive Season; Inventory Management